Navigating the UK's immigration rules for partners can be incredibly complex. If you are looking to live in the UK with your British citizen or settled partner, your application will fall under Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules. Under this route, you will often hear two main terms: the Spouse Visa (Entry Clearance) and FLR (M) (Further Leave to Remain). Understanding which one applies to you is essential. This guide breaks down the key differences, timelines, and costs. ImmigrationLaw.org.uk connects you with SRA-regulated solicitors who handle both applications every day.
1. The Key Difference: Location and Purpose
The fundamental difference between a Spouse Visa and FLR (M) comes down to where you are applying from and what stage of the immigration journey you are on.
- Spouse Visa (Entry Clearance) — this application is for individuals who are currently outside the UK and are seeking permission to enter the country to live with their partner.
- FLR (M) (Further Leave to Remain) — this application is for individuals who are already inside the UK and are applying to extend their current partner visa, or switch into the partner route from a different eligible visa category.
If you are outside the UK, you apply for a Spouse Visa. If you are already in the UK, you apply for FLR (M). The core eligibility requirements under Appendix FM are the same for both.
2. Timelines: Period of Grant and Route to Settlement
Because the application locations differ, the length of the visa granted also varies slightly to account for travel time to the UK.
- Entry Clearance (overseas) — if your application from outside the UK is successful, you will be granted an initial visa valid for a period not exceeding 33 months.
- FLR (M) (inside the UK) — if you apply for an extension or switch from within the UK, your limited leave to remain will be granted for a period not exceeding 30 months.
The Path to Settlement (ILR)
Both visas put you on a pathway to Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR). Typically, applicants become eligible to apply for settlement after completing a continuous period of 60 months (the 5 year route) with permission as a partner. If you cannot meet all requirements for the 5 year route but there are exceptional circumstances, you may be placed on a 120 month (10 year) route to settlement.
3. Financial Requirements
Whether you are applying from overseas or extending your stay via FLR (M), you must meet strict financial requirements to prove you can be maintained without relying on public funds.
| Application type | Minimum income | Applies to |
|---|---|---|
| New applications (from 11 April 2024) | £29,000 | First-time spouse visa or FLR (M) |
| Transitional (applied before 11 April 2024) | £18,600 | FLR (M) extensions under previous threshold |
The income threshold increases if you are applying with dependent children. For detailed guidance on how to present your financial evidence correctly, see our FLR document checklist. For a full cost breakdown, use our UK visa fee calculator.
4. Application Costs
Both the overseas Spouse Visa and the in-country FLR (M) applications require you to pay a mandatory Home Office application fee and the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS), which grants you access to the UK's National Health Service.
If you are applying for Entry Clearance from overseas, you will submit your biometrics and documents through a commercial partner like VFS Global. Depending on your location and needs, you may incur additional optional service fees such as:
- Document Upload Assistance
- Self-Upload Document Checking Service
- Premium Lounge access
- Flexi Appointment scheduling
For in-country FLR (M) applications, you can purchase priority or super priority processing to speed up your decision.
5. Shared Requirements Under Appendix FM
Regardless of whether you apply for Entry Clearance or FLR (M), the core eligibility criteria under Appendix FM remain the same.
- Genuine relationship — you must prove that you have met in person, that your relationship is genuine and subsisting, and that you intend to live together permanently in the UK.
- Accommodation — you must provide evidence that there is adequate accommodation for you, your partner, and any dependents, which you own or occupy exclusively, without it being overcrowded or contravening public health regulations.
- Suitability — you must not fall for refusal under the UK's suitability grounds, meaning you must not have a serious criminal record or be in breach of immigration laws.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a Spouse Visa and FLR M?
A Spouse Visa is for applicants outside the UK seeking entry clearance. FLR (M) is for applicants already inside the UK seeking to extend or switch into the partner route. Both fall under Appendix FM with the same core eligibility criteria.
How long is a UK Spouse Visa valid for?
Entry clearance from overseas is granted for up to 33 months. In-country FLR (M) extensions are granted for up to 30 months. Both lead to settlement eligibility after 60 months on the 5 year route.
What is the income requirement for a Spouse Visa in 2026?
For new applications made on or after 11 April 2024, the minimum gross annual income is £29,000. If you are extending under the transitional arrangements, the previous threshold of £18,600 may apply.
Can I switch from another visa to FLR M?
Yes, you can switch into the partner route from certain eligible visa categories while inside the UK. A solicitor can advise whether your current visa allows this switch.
Final Thoughts
Whether you need a Spouse Visa from overseas or an FLR (M) extension from inside the UK, the requirements under Appendix FM are detailed and the evidence standards are strict. Getting your application right the first time saves weeks of delays and avoids the risk of refusal.
If you need help understanding which application applies to your situation or want a solicitor to review your documents before submission, speak to an SRA-regulated solicitor through ImmigrationLaw.org.uk for a free initial assessment.